Npgrj_ng_1956 269..275

نویسندگان

  • Han N Lim
  • Alexander van Oudenaarden
چکیده

In many prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA methylation at cis-regulatory sequences determines whether gene expression is on or off. Stable inheritance of these expression states is required in bacterial pathogenesis, cancer and developmental pathways1,2. Here we delineate the factors that control the stability of these states by using the agn43 gene in Escherichia coli as a model system. Systematic disruption of this system shows that a functional switch requires the presence of several, rarely occupied, intermediate states that separate the ‘on’ and ‘off’ states. Cells that leave the on and off state enter different intermediate states, where there is a strong bias that drives cells back to their original state. The intermediate states therefore act as buffers that prevent back and forth switching. This mechanism of generating multiple states is an alternative to feedback regulation3–5, and its general principle should be applicable to the analysis of other epigenetic switches and the design of synthetic circuits.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

0 - 521 - 14072 - 0 - Formal Approaches in Categorization

adaptive clustering, 235 adaptive resonance theory (ART), 221, 242 ADIT, 135 comparison, 135–136, 145 aging, 222 ALCOVE, 129–132, 275, 278 comparison, 34, 78, 112, 136, 143–145, 229, 231, 241, 244, 275 Anderson, J. R., 5, 173, 176, 180, 182, 242, 301 angle categorization, 33 anterior cingulate, 8, 68, 70, 215 anterior striatum, 8 ARACHNE , 269 artificial concepts, 325, 327 Asch, S., 329 Ashby, ...

متن کامل

Compared to maximal current management standards, oscillating positive expiratory pressure devices have not been shown to improve clinically relevant outcomes in COPD patients with acute exacerbation

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Ambrosino N, Callegari G, Galloni C, Brega S, Pinna G. Clinical evaluation of oscillating positive expiratory pressure for enhancing expectoration in diseases other than cystic fibrosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 1995;50(4):269-275.

متن کامل

Kinase suppressor of Ras signals through Thr269 of c-Raf-1.

We recently established a two-stage in vitro assay for KSR kinase activity in which KSR never comes in contact with any recombinant kinase other than c-Raf-1 and defined the epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a potent activator of KSR kinase activity (Xing, H. R., Lozano, J., and Kolesnick, R. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 17276-17280). That study, however, did not address the mechanism of c-Raf-1 s...

متن کامل

Basic principles of TLC

Products for thin layer chromatography Ready-to-use layers for TLC Summary of MN ready-to-use layers for TLC 263 – 265 TLC ready-to-use layers with standard silica 266 – 269 TLC ready-to-use layers with concentrating zone 269 HPTLC ready-to-use layers with nano silica 269 – 271 Nano plates with extremely thin silica layer 271 TLC and HPTLC plates with modified silica layers 272 – 277 HPTLC read...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2009